Network Security And Its Effect On Organizations - 1118 Words

Computer networks have changed the way individuals and organizations conduct daily activities. Individuals have been using the internet for many years now and it has increased its presence around the world. The internet, as the name suggests, is a network of computers that can share resources, simplify communications, and provide information. Organizations utilize the networks for the same reasons as individuals do; however, they also allow organizations to conduct business and increase productivity. Unfortunately, even though computer networks have increased the effectiveness and productivity of organizations, it comes with a price. That price involves the increasing threat that internal and external threat actors can cause an organizations network. Network security is a very important segment in an organizations overall cybersecurity policy. However, the issue with network security is its static form of defense that is rapidly losing against current and future dynamic threats. An emerging form of technology that may help to increase the security of an organizations network will be the advent of cognitive networks. A cognitive network is a new technology that will be dynamic in its method of safeguarding networks. Rousu (2013) describes cognitive networks as being aware of the workings of the organizations network and able to adapt to meet current and future threats. Basically, cognitive networks will learn its environment and the behavior of users to employ appropriateShow MoreRelatedData Breaching And Its Effects1680 Words   |  7 PagesBreaching and its effects By Chandan Bandi University College, University of Denver TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE ABSTRACT 3 WHAT IS DATA BREACHING? 3 CAUSES OF SECURITY BREACHES 5 APPLE PAY 7 APPLE PAY: SECURITY 7 CONSEQUENCES OF DATA BREACHING 8 PREVENTIVE MEASURES FOR SECURITY BREACH 9 CONCLUSION 10 REFERENCES 10 ABSTRACT: My paper describes about the most important and burning issue in any organization which is â€Å"Data Breaching†Read MoreCloud Computing : Cloud Service Provider Security1520 Words   |  7 Pagesof resources such as storage, network, applications and software through internet. Cloud users can lease multiple resources according to their requirements, and pay only for the services they use. However, despite all cloud benefits there are many security concerns related to hardware, virtualization, network, data and service providers that act as a significant barrier in the adoption of cloud in the IT industry. In this paper, we survey the top security concerns related to cloud computingRead MoreIs Data Breaching The Harmful Effect Of Breaching. A Large Scale Industry?1637 Words   |  7 Pagesburning issue in any organization which is â€Å"Data Breaching†. Any industry whether it’s a large scale industry or a small scale industry handles very valued information. This paper describes about the causes and effects of this data breaching with an example. Recently, the data breaches are increasing at an alarming pace. So, my article proposes the preventive measures to be applied in an organization to mitigate the harmful effects of breaching. So, unless the data is security is improved in all aspectsRead MoreInvestigation of Network Security Requirements and Their Impact on Performance with the Aim of Establishing Configurations Fit for the Purpose915 Words   |  4 PagesOverview Networks have become a vital part of almost every organization changing the way that business is conducted from day to day. In the early days of the computer era business men and women have had to use standalone machines that were partially interconnected or not interconnected at all. Since then computing has gone through various changes through a number of decades which has led to the complete integration of various computing devices and now professionals are able to share hardware andRead MoreThe Function, Motivation And Purpose Of The Nist Cybersecurity Framework845 Words   |  4 Pagesfive components of the CSF core (20 points). Explain why it is important for network security engineers to be aware of the CSF and similar security industry related disciplines (3 points). Motivation: If we consider any nation, its most vulnerable if its financial and economic security is compromised. Cyber security has a profound impact on a nation by making it susceptible to outside threats. It can have a drastic effect on a Nation’s wealth, military, public health. Such threats also impact company’sRead MoreWhat Is Gpr Regulations What It Means For Cyber Security1036 Words   |  5 PagesCyber Security On May 25, 2018 the European Union will begin enforcing the new General Data Protection Regulations (GDPR) that will create one data protection standard throughout the EU. These regulations were designed to create one standard for personal data privacy and to simplify the enforcement of data privacy laws throughout all the EU countries. What some organizations were surprised to learn, is that these regulations go beyond the physical confines of the EU and apply to any organization thatRead MoreFinancial Sabotage Has Taken Place Essay1470 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction When organizations experience the computer-related disruption in the form of cyber-attacks and data breaches, it causes distrust among shareholders, stakeholders, employees, and consumers. This paper will provide a discussion of some the major effects and damage that organizations will face when financial sabotage has taken place. Also included are some of the known reasons why organizations experience these issues along with some preventative measures that may assist with marginalizingRead MoreThe Center For Internet Security ( CIS ) Critical Security Controls Analysis900 Words   |  4 PagesThe Center for Internet Security (CIS) Critical Security Controls (CSC) will provide a starting point for security controls and procedures not in place. The first CSC covers consistently managing (inventorying, tracking, correcting) all hardware devices on the organizations network making sure that only authorized devices have access. Unauthorized devices must be found or detected and prevent ed from gaining access to the network. A malicious person could take advantage of a workstation which hadRead MoreWhat Is Idps Control Strategy1066 Words   |  5 Pagesto protect networks from home to the business world. An Intrusion Prevention and Detection Systems(IDPS) is imperative to any system that requires extra security. Technological innovations in the cyber world are under attack constantly and IT tools are available to use to try to prohibits these attacks. In this paper, we will discuss the benefits, suitability of an IDPS and a control strategy. Threat management is a top priority for security professionals to protect their organizations systems. IntrusionsRead MoreThe Risks Of A Risk Assessment1025 Words   |  5 Pagescan come from inside or external of the association. To prepare for the foulest that could occur, administrations must emphasis their responsiveness on how to evaluate diverse types of perils to guard the society against the conceivable undesirable effects to the diurnal processes. Execution of a risk valuation is one of the most imperative phases in the risk managing procedure (Goldenberg 2011). A Risk Assessment is intermittent valuation of the hazard and degree of the damage that could result from

Gender Portrayals Of Women s Advertising - 1505 Words

Gender Portrayals in Advertising Gender portrayal in advertising has been a widely discussed and researched topic for years by social scientists, consumers, and advertisers alike. However, many people have looked at the topic solely from the perspective of male and female consumers and the effect that gendered advertisements have on them. In an article from The Journal of Advertising, Linda Tuncay Zayer and Catherine A. Coleman researched this topic from a different angle. The article, Advertising Professionals’ Perceptions of the Impact of Gender Portrayals on Men and Women: A Question of Ethics, analyzes the issue from the advertiser’s perceptions of what they are putting out in the media. Zayer and Coleman had two central research questions: â€Å"What are advertising professionals’ perceptions of how gender portrayals impact male and female audiences? In what ways do ethics inform their creative and strategic choices regarding gender portrayals in advertising?† (Zayer and Coleman 201 5). Research was completed with two rounds of data collection on a wide variety of informants with different levels of experience in the industry (Zayer and Coleman 2015). Research methods included semi-structured and unstructured interviews, a focus group, and field operations (Zayer and Coleman 2015). After research was completed, the informants were placed in four different categories based off three interrelated dimensions of their research. The three dimensions are; (1) the extent to whichShow MoreRelatedGender Portrayals Of Women s Advertising1636 Words   |  7 PagesProfessor B. Hammer PIT journal/Transfer Portfolio 21 July 2015 Gender Portrayals in Advertising Gender portrayal in advertising has been a widely discussed and researched topic for years by social scientists, consumers, and advertisers alike. However, many people have looked at the topic solely from the perspective of male and female consumers and the effect that gendered advertisements has on them. In an article from The Journal of Advertising, Linda Tuncay Zayer and Catherine A. Coleman researched thisRead MoreAdvertising Advertisements And Body Image1645 Words   |  7 Pagesassist the advertising industry and SROs in ensuring that women and men continue to be portrayed positively and responsibly in advertising. History - WOMEN IN ADVERTISEMENTS AND BODY IMAGE Authors have also attempted to correlate various demographic variables such as age and education, as well as geographic variables with preferences for role portrayals in advertising. Through the ages men have been considered to be financial providers, career-focused, assertive and independent, whereas women have beenRead MoreSocial Psychologists And The Human Information Processing System1632 Words   |  7 Pagesmethodology was employed to pursue the underlying gender conceptions of each informant. Informants were asked whether they could imagine the women in the ads as men, or vice versa, in order to uncover traits and values so habitually defined as masculine or feminine that they are unimaginable in the other sex. (Stem, 1993) Social psychologists have argued that schema, networks of memory-based associations that organize and guide an individual s perceptions, are the central cognitive units in theRead MoreAnalysis Of Pantene s Sorry, Not Sorry1591 Words   |  7 PagesAdvertisements with women as the target audience are now having to cater towards the new values and ideals held by modern women. Pantene’s ‘Sorry, Not Sorry’ campaign engages with themes of empowerment by paralleling unempowered imagery with empowered imagery. Stereotypes of women with little diversity can be seen within Pantene s commercials. This suggests that though advertisements are making a shift towards more feminist based ideals through the portrayal of strong women there is still conflictRead MoreMedia And Stereotyping On Gender Stereotypes1395 Words   |  6 Pagesstories about the people portrayed in the ads. Also importantly, the role portrayals of women in these ads were never seen by any of the informants as sexist or inappropriate, contrary to the researcher s own introspection. Dominant Culture Stereotyping on Pinterest | Gender Stereotypes ... It was about time someone addressed the phrase â€Å"like a girl†. It’s full of negativity and perpetuates the stereotype that the way women do things is inferior to the way men do them. So, hold high the foam fingerRead MoreVisual images Reinforce Traditional Gender and Sexuality Stereotypes948 Words   |  4 PagesVisual images reinforce traditional gender and sexuality stereotypes through the manifestation of the masculine and feminine miens. An examination of print media advertisements highlights the social and cultural ideologies associated with traditional gender roles that are expected and imposed on by society. â€Å"Advertisements are deeply woven into the fabric of Western Culture, drawing on and reinforcing commonly held perceptions and beliefs† of gender and sexuality stereotypes. They have a strongRead MoreBrainwashing Youth : How Advertising Influences Children On Gender Images1496 Words   |  6 Pages Brainwashing Youth: How Advertising Influences Children on Gender Images For advertising companies, the topic of advertising to children is one that is very controversial and could lead to a lot of debate on whether it is even ethical to do so. None the less advertisements continue to be aired and targeted towards a particularly vulnerable group: children. At a young age it is a critical time for children. They are not only developing their mental and physical capabilities, but they are also developingRead MoreIn Adulthood, The Sexuality Of Mature Women Is A Central1137 Words   |  5 PagesIn adulthood, the sexuality of mature women is a central focus. Women’s bodies are usually portrayed one of four ways: 1) as symbols for an object and thus exchangeable with it, 2) as a fragmented object made up of component parts that are not bound together in any coherent way to create personality 3) As an object to be viewed or 4) as an object to be used (O’Malley Patterson Story, 2009). A decorative role is defined as one in which the individual is passively decorating the advertisement,Read MoreGender In Advertising: . . The Differences In How Men And1565 Words   |  7 Pages Gender in Advertising: The Differences in How Men and Women are Portrayed and How those Difference Affect Us: Across Time and Across Countries Bria Mosley The Ohio State University According to Advertising and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communications Perspective, advertising is defined as â€Å"any paid form of non-personal communication about an organization, product or service with an idea from an identified sponsor.† Advertising is the most cost-effective way to reachRead MoreRepresentation of Female Characters in Italian Television Commercials1444 Words   |  6 Pagesdetailed shots of the female body, typical of the ritualization of subordination, can be traced in the sample of GEMMA: more than 90% of the close-ups is feminine. Many of the women’s figures analyzed seem a crystallization of the traditional advertising models. The image of wife and mother prevails over the others. She is a simple and loving woman, with a reassuring middle-class beauty. A figure that often coincides with the housewife. Her model is well represented not only in the many cleaning

A Bumpy Road for Toyota Free Essays

Just-in-time philosophy, focused on consistent quality improvement, propelled Toyota to become a leading global car manufacturer. However, its global expansion and limited number of experts relative to its global operations weakened this focus in North America. While Toyota remains a competitive automobile manufacturer, it experienced recurring periods of decline in its quality standing. We will write a custom essay sample on A Bumpy Road for Toyota or any similar topic only for you Order Now Now, it has to strengthen its JIT philosophy. Toyota’s focus on quality is consistent with the just-in-time philosophy. JIT means eradicating or decreasing to the least possible level wastage in the production process. By doing so, the company can pursue a range of outcomes including decrease in inventory, cost reduction, error minimization, and high quality. Quality is an outcome of implementing JIT while the focus on quality is a path to implementing JIT. Toyota’s achievement of a high quality standing during its peak periods is a testament to the focus on quality as a possible means of implementing JIT (Bozarth and Handfield 547). It is also possible to implement JIT without a strong quality focus. Reducing inventory, minimizing cost and eradicating error could also be paths in implementing JIT. However, these paths including quality are interrelated and reinforcing so that the focus on other paths still require the achievement of a certain level of quality especially in minimizing errors and reducing costs. The quality focus of Toyota worked because of its coordinators. These coordinators are mid-level managers in the manufacturing plants in Japan with decades of experience of the car company’s JIT philosophy called Toyota Production System (TPS) (Bozarth and Handfield 546). These coordinators played a key role in promoting TPS to Toyota’s employees because these oriented and trained the shop-floor managers and workers in the American manufacturing plant on ways of addressing actual issues emerging from the production line (547). This practical approach encouraged innovativeness and responsiveness to lower wastage. Coordinators are difficult to replicate because their deep knowledge emerged from decades of experience. Time to develop coordinators is a luxury given the current need of Toyota to expand and boost production to meet growing demand. Hajime Oba differentiated Toyota’s TPS with the JIT strategy of the three automobile manufacturers in Detroit. He claimed that the JIT approach in Detroit is superficial since the intention was only to reduce inventory without really getting into the essence of JIT (Bozarth and Handfield 547). There is some truth to this. American car manufacturers operate more through textbook theories of efficiency, which implies using the least possible input in maximizing output, and with formality or impersonal management highlighting distinctions in task assignments, processes and systems. This necessarily leads to a different JIT approach relative to the Japanese perspective of JIT. The tenet ‘haste makes waste’ captures the situation in Toyota’s Georgetown plant. In the 1990s, Toyota received recognition for high quality through automobile quality surveys (Bozarth and Handfield 547). Through the work of its coordinators, the Georgetown plant even received recognition as the second best in terms of the quality of cars manufactured in the plant (547). This propelled sales of Toyota cars in North America. The spike in demand pushed the plant to speed up production until it came to a point when quality suffered. With a limited number of coordinators for a large plant and language barriers, there was movement away from the TPS (547). In releasing the Camry, the company received many quality complaints from customers leading to the plummeting of its quality standing (548). Toyota is attempting to reassert the TPS in its Georgetown plant by recruiting a Japanese TPS expert to motivate middle managers to work the floor again. Toyota’s quality focused TPS has worked and it still works. However, the automobile manufacturer needs to adjust implementation to consider its growth and expansion. Toyota needs to have sufficient coordinators and this time more American coordinators for the North American plant trained in its quality-based JIT philosophy. Work Cited Bozarth, Cecil, and Robert Handfield. Introduction to Operations and Supply Chain  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Management. 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2007.    How to cite A Bumpy Road for Toyota, Papers

E-Commerce and E-Business Strategies

Question: Critically evaluate the effectiveness of a range of existing e-commerce sites. Critically evaluate e-Commerce implementation technologies. Develop an effective e-Commerce site to suit a given scenario. Explore, evaluate and reflect on e-Business mechanisms. Critically reflect on successful e-Commerce and e-business strategies. Answer: The buying and selling of goods and services is known as ecommerce. In U.S, the e-commerce business is well explored. As per statistics the projected sales through e-commerce will exceed $430 billion by 2017 in U.S. To maintain this flow of income, the e-commerce sites should include some extra features in their sites and functionality that consumers will consider at this point of time. . In recent times, the effective e-commerce sites are attracting the consumers by converting the customers to online customers (Babin, 2007). The features of effective online sites are: The features of effective online sites are: Fast load times- According to a survey we can see that half of the customers feel unhappy in the online purchasing due to its slow loading speed and they abandon the site. In U.S if there is 2 seconds delay occurs at the time of transaction the customers abandon the site. This rates in U.S is significantly higher than any other countries in the world. So the effective e-comme rce sites who are successful knows the device and the browser their consumer use to shop and design sites that's why they provide food time a fast load time and they get satisfaction during their transaction(Aubert, M. and Gusev, A. 2008). Ease of Use- Every e-commerce sites should be designed in such a way that it will be easier for the consumers to see their product information without facing any problem. Through a study, we came to know how they navigates several e-commerce sites for their specific brands. The product categories are designed in such a way that will reflect the searched items they want to find. The product which is newly uploaded in the site should be view first which creates a good attraction towards the consumers and it also encourages the customer in a return visit. The history of recently viewed items should also be included in the e-commerce sites. Accurate Product. Description The e-commerce sites should eliminate the differences between its information and the reality of the product (Fazlollahi, 2002). Every good e-commerce sites give description and specification with accurate representation so that no problem takes place at the time of transaction Seamless Checkout Experience - For completing the transaction the effective e-commerce sites help the customers by eliminating the hurdles in the ordering the process. Nowadays the online retailers provide login with facebook an easier method than the rest. The customers are sent notifications with emails and messages in the consumer's phone. Clear Policies The effective e-commerce sites forecast their offers and warranties. The site has made a space for customers to visit and watch on them. The rise of socio economic and condition due to rapid industrialisation is the fasted recorded human evolution in the history. This era is the days of tablets and smartphones which are giving a life to e-commerce business and shopping cart software (Hanke, 2009). E-commerce business is changing but the speed of changing of e-commerce business is very fast than before. Nowadays with the help of shopping software, we can easily compare the products with other products in mobile s or tablets without any need of physical inspection and the products are easily shipped and distribute. Many consumers are started buying foreign stuffs from the new websites, this shows that consumers are going globally for buying and selling goods. As the consumers started buying products globally, this is the down fall of many local and domestic merchants. So they also sta rted selling products overseas after doing a proper survey of the market (Babin, S. 2007) Thus, e-commerce helps the local and domestic vendors to sell their products globally and these vendors are the big winners. The increasing number of people using the internet via tablets and Smartphone for various purpose and making a purchase which makes the e-commerce site mobile-friendly. The sites which do not work properly with the help of mobiles will lose visitors, customers as well as revenue and those which work well in mobile, are the gainer. According to 2015, 25% of mobile online sales have increased. Due to manyonline stores coming in the market video based marketing system areintroduced which an in-store will experience for the buyers who will lead to higher conversation and more online stores will be createdand they will also provide video conferencing to them. Socialnetworking service will grow more popular as it helps to communicate and share information. The presence of social networking helps the e-commercebusiness to prosper and other business will fall May, 2000. One of the great ways of selling is online story telling. The e-commerce vendors as first as possible they canadapt this process of storytelling, they will see the higher sales graph and those who can't adopt they will remain backwards. One ofthe future marketing is the niche based content targeting that will gainmomentum in the market.On the list of e-Commerce retailer companies Amazon is a brand name the company gives discounts to customers whichattract many and adds advantage to it (Ecommercedevelopment, 2000). Its attracting policy which states to offer peoplewhich they cannot refuse makes it a big name. Amazon mainlyfocuses on customer oriented needs and thus making it more famousamong the customers and thus increasing their hold on the market with increasing amount of Internet users. The organisation expand it services in the worldwide market with little investment. So beingan e-commerce brings an added advantage to the organisation to run in different countries with better services to the customers. Amazon is a place where the customers can find anything at a lowestpossible price which helps in attracting more customers this is itself anpolicies which its present more on themarket with each passing day the mo re eye-catching policies increase the present more on the market with each passing day the more the company has his service dated with quality products and better customer satisfaction the morecompany has its market value. The brand image is created by E-Commerce and is supported by advertisement and the internet in recent days. Huge use of Internet makes it more famous and is available to customise 24* 7with better customer support (Pollentine, B. 2011). It gains faith on quick delivery of products every time to the customers and by preventing from travellingto the shop and they can have their demanded products just sitting at home. Amazon's Moto is to expertise the employees to provide qualityservice to the customer so that the customers can experience satisfaction. The problem faced by middle class and poor family is buying the desired products, but e-commerce reduces the cost of particular product and thus helps those families to buy products from the site, not only in urban but the company focuses also in competition of providing best experiences on rural areas also in it acquires IT and e-commerce start ups and help themselves by using existing technologies of the acquired partners at a low cost. EDI refers to Electronic Data Interchange. Business system uses electronic payments because of its user friendliness and time-saving. Thus help the business organisation to expand its market reach. Paperless monetary transaction of the Mozart credit card debit card and smart card electronic fund transfers the difference between wholesalers and online retailer so that the customer can go to the retailer who buys Kodak from them and an online retailer follows B2Bbusiness model which is first selling its product to intermediate buyerwho then sells the product to the final customer (Raisch W, 2001). The items used in in B2B E-Commerce or electronics shipping, ware housing, motor vehicles, etc. where key technologies are electronic data exchange, the internet, intranet extranet and backend information system. The architectural model involves supply oriented Marketplace and intermediate Marketplace. The B2C model states the websites all the business transaction takes place between the business organisation and the customer directly. E-commerce involves the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) in making commerce between consumers and organisation, organisation and organisation, or between consumers and consumers. E-commerce brings some new technology and new capabilities for business in the new generation (Tuten, T. 2010). Nowadays, these companies advertise their product on the internet and consumers buy the product with the help of internet. E-business strategy refers to missed opportunity for additional sales on the sell side and more efficient purchasing on the buying side. Sometimes poor customer even experiences from poorly intergraded channels. There are several opportunities in the e-business that are stated below mainly, selling well online, providing services to the company and the ability to compare prices across different platforms gives e-commerce outlets a leg up with shoppers, selling well online, providing services to the business model. E-busin ess achieved greater success than any other business models. The main feature of this model has to minimise the cost of transactions, accounting, etc. if people are comparing the price in the offline market in respect the online market, they must see that online market price is low than an offline market. E-business follows the strategy of supply chain management and email marketing. E-business uses the functionality of supply chain management that helps to coordinate between wholesalers and retailers so that the cost can be reduced (Yuan, M. 2005). With the help of the internet, you can observe purchasing the final delivery of the product. E-business provides customer relationship management so that they will guaranty the greatest level of customer satisfaction and e-commerce sites that provide some SSL encryption for payment security. Thus the ecommerce can be emulated as the prima donna of the modern marketing structure. Today everything is valued on the basis of the availability of the products at ease. The ecommerce shall effectively solve the requirements. It is an important thing to understand that it is not possible for the e commerce to fend for all the requirements. The e commerce shall have their own shortcomings too. Yet this must be kept in mind that e commerce has brought a considerable improvement in the industry of trade and commerce. Today the frontiers of sales have increased from mere market based product orientation to the online Shoppe. The inclusion of the e commerce has made people to buy easily and with fewer prices. The availability of the occasional discounts and great sale has really reverberated the system. The habits of the commons have been altered totally due to the influence of the e commerce. There are the shortcomings too. The first and the foremost thing is that the product is invisible in the e commerce. There are the photos of the products and the person has to be happy with that. There is a declaration on behalf of the company circulating the products but there is no assurance that the declaration shall be maintained. The products are not judged and bought. There are not all the parts of the world which are presently under the e commerce system. The system shall fail for those people and the places where there is less computer knowledge. Thus the e commerce must be developed more and more so that every lame man understands the use fop the same and can avail the great offers. E commerce has opened a new vista now there is the time to amend the same and evolve the same for the betterment of all and sundry. References Allen, S., Graupera, V. and Lundrigan, L. (2010).Pro smartphone cross-platform development. [New York, N.Y.]: Apress. Aubert, M. and Gusev, A. (2008).Quick Recipes on Symbian OS.Chichester, England: John Wiley. Babin, S. (2007).Developing software for Symbian OS.Chichester, England: John Wiley Sons. ECommerce development. (1999). Redmond, Wash.: Microsoft Press. ECommerce development. (2000). Redmond, Wash.: Microsoft Press. Fazlollahi, B. (2002). Strategies for eCommerce success. Hershey, PA: IRM Press. Hanke, M. (2009).Airline eCommerce. London: Routledge. May, P. (2000).The business of e-commerce Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Nudelman, G. (2011). Designing search. Indianapolis, IN: Wiley. Pollentine, B. (2011). Appcelerator Titanium smartphone app development Cookbook. Birmingham, UK: Packt Pub. Raisch, W. (2001).The eMarketplace. New York: McGraw-Hill. Spencer, S., Harding, J. and Sheahan, J. (2014).Social eCommerce. Sebastopol, Calif.: O'Reilly Media. Tuten, T. (2010).Enterprise 2.0. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Praeger. Woyke, E. (n.d.). The Smartphone. Yang, B., Zheng, P. and Ni, L. (2007).Professional Microsoft.